Abnormal Psychology Essay - 855 Words

Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology in the area within psychology that is focused on maladaptive behavior-its causes, consequences, and treatment. Abnormal psychology deals with how it feels to be different, the meanings the get attached to being different, and how society deals with people whom it considers to be different. The spectrum of differences is wide, ranging from reality defying delusions and severe debilitations to worries and behavioral quirks that we would be better off not having but do not significantly interfere with our daily lives. An example of the milder end of the spectrum is a man who was an eminently successful district attorney, was elected governor of New York on three occasions, and was almost elected†¦show more content†¦Joan was a very successful business women working for a major stock broker firm. She was quickly moving up the ladder and had just received a big promotion on what she hoped would be her way to the top. Houghtons normal life was abruptly interr upted one day when she broke down and began to see things and also hear things that did not exist. She had been in and out of mental health care her entire adult life, but now she had reached the breaking point. She began to lose touch with everyone in her life. She stopped showing up for work and eventually was committed to a mental institution by her family. Houghtons break with reality required an intense treatment during a long period of hospitalization. There are many possible explanations for Joans break down. Her life had been fairly normal expect when she was 6 years old her father molested her. Joan told her mother a few weeks later. Knowing that her husband probably did molest her she tried to convince Joan that it was just bad dream. She just could not imagine asking her husband if her had done this horrible act. She was very much afraid of him. So the molesting continued for another three years. These events haunted her entire life, and most likely were the cause of her mental break down. (Houghton, 1982,pp. 548-549) Governor Dewey and Joan Houghton might be described asShow MoreRelated Abnormal Psychology2516 Words   |  11 PagesThe field of abnormal psychology engages with the obscure line between normal and abnormal behaviour. This blur is as a result of the dissonance that occurs when the two terms are defined for example, when cultural perspectives are taken into consideration-where behaviour (for example sake, experiencing hallucinations) considered deviant in one population is normalcy in another. In attempt to make the field comprehensive a middle ground was determined by drawing on the common elements or patternsRead MoreThe Psychology Of Abnormal Behavior2157 Words   |  9 PagesThe Psychology of Abnormal Behavior can be describe as has having a behavior that deviates form what is the expected and normal. If abnormal psychology is the study of unusual patterns of behavior, emotion and though, then Hollywood depiction of mental disord er in the movie Helen meets the criterion of the teaching of Dr. Conley’s Abnormal Psychology class. Goole Play synopsis of the 2008 Sandra Nettelbeck’s Helen. On the outside, Helen( Aheley Judd) has the perfect life a loving family, a beautifulRead MoreAbnormal Psychology967 Words   |  4 PagesAbnormal Psychology Roshaun Hatchett PSY/410 April 25, 2012 Dr. Christopher Daub Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology has been in existence for more than a century. Mental illness was approached from a spiritual point of view. Individuals of certain beliefs would misdiagnose others from the spiritual perspective and would assume that evil spirits controlled his or her’s physical, mental, and observable world (Tyrer, 2010). The following will be covered in this document: theRead MoreAbnormal Psychology1605 Words   |  7 PagesAbnormal Psychology Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. It seeks to comprehend people by understanding mental functions and social behavior. It also explores neurobiological and physiological processes that can drive cognitive functions and behaviors. It is this drive to understand mental processes that pushes psychologists to want to learn about what is normal and abnormal behavior. People have tried for thousands of years to understand and define abnormal behavior. In the past 100Read MoreAbnormal Psychology. Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior20707 Words   |  83 Pages3 CHAPTER Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior CHAPTER OUTLINE HOW ARE ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS METHODS OF ASSESSMENT 80–99 CLASSIFIED? 70–77 The Clinical Interview The DSM and Models of Abnormal Behavior Computerized Interviews Psychological Tests STANDARDS OF ASSESSMENT 77–80 Neuropsychological Assessment Reliability Behavioral Assessment Validity Cognitive Assessment Physiological Measurement SOCIOCULTURAL AND ETHNIC FACTORS IN ASSESSMENT 99–100 SUMMING UP 100–101 TRead MoreQuestions on Abnormal Psychology4701 Words   |  19 Pagesand perceptual factors.   C.Medical, sociological, and psychological factors.   D.Cultural, medical, and gender factors. Answer Key:  A Question 2 of 50 1.0 Points Concerning the cause of dissociative disorders, _______ dominate(s) this field of psychology.   A.theory and speculation   B.statistical analysis from experiments   C.observation and patient interviews   D.experimental research with controlled groups Answer Key:  A Question 3 of 50 1.0 Points Jill was the victim of a fender-bender accidentRead MoreThe Psychology Of Abnormal Psychology1580 Words   |  7 PagesBefore discussing the definition of abnormal psychology, it is first important to identify the real meaning of the word â€Å"Abnormal†. For laymen to be asked of the definition of the word Abnormal, it is common to encounter answers such as people and behaviors that is weird, strange and odd. These characterizations are not enough to fully describe the true and deeper meaning of the word Abnormal. It is important to consider characteristics in defining abnormal such as whether the behavior is causingRead MorePathological Psychology : Abnormal Behavior948 Words   |  4 Pages According to the modern perspective of abnormal psychology, abnormal behavior exists when an individual is behaving dangerously and/or showing patterns of behavior that are dysfunctional. Nevertheless, determining insanity among sanity has proven to be much more complicated than it sou nds. An individual whose behavior strays from societal standards is not necessarily abnormally deviant or insane. John Hu simply exhibits behaviors that are different from that of typical European/French social normsRead MorePathological Psychology : Abnormal Psychology1204 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition for behavior that is labeled abnormal. It is this way due to the fact that society in its entirety has to agree on normative behavior. Because society will never have the exact same views, opinions, beliefs, or culture, an unmistakable definition will not occur. A simplified definition of this behavior is unusual conduct that goes against what is classified as ordinary in society. The study of this sort of behavior is abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychology focuses on atypical sequences of conductRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Abnormal Psychology1527 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Cherry (2016), abnormal psychology is a branch within psychology that focuses on behaviour th at is unusual and not deemed as normal within society. This branch of psychology is composed of a variety of disorders and their causes as well as possible management and/or treatment. With this in mind and within this assignment, I will discuss the causes of abnormal behaviour, discuss the causes and symptoms of mood disorder as well as discuss the background and importance of Sigmund Freud

The Doctrine Of Administrative Decision Maker - 1026 Words

Mason CJ in Quin endorsed Gummow J’s statement of law (extracted directly above), with one exclusion that an administrative decision maker cannot be estopped in the circumstances so as to fetter a statutory discretion or require an ultra vires act. His Honour said: ‘[the] availability of estoppel against the Executive, arising from conduct amounting to a representation, when holding the Executive to its representation does not significantly hinder the exercise of the relevant discretion in the public interest. And, as the public interest necessarily comprehends an element of justice to the individual, one cannot exclude the possibility that the courts might in some situations grant relief on the basis that a refusal to hold the†¦show more content†¦Ltd. v. Whitfeld [1919] HCA 69; (1919) 27 CLR 268, at p 277; Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty. Ltd. v. The Commonwealth [1977] HCA 71; (1977) 139 CLR 54, at pp 74-76; Malvaso v. The Queen (1989) 64 ALJR 44, at p 47; 89 ALR 34, at p 37; Birkdale District Electric Supply Co. v. Southport Corporation (1926) AC 355, at p 364; Cudgen Rutile (No. 2) Ltd. v. Chalk (1975) AC 520, at pp 533-534; Southend-on-Sea Corporation v. Hodgson (Wickford) Ltd. (1962) 1 QB 416, at pp 423-425; W estern Fish Products Ltd. v. Penwith District Council [1978] EWCA Civ 6; (1981) 2 All ER 204. Accordingly, it has been said that a public authority ... cannot be estopped from doing its public duty, to use the words of Lord Denning M.R. in Lever Finance v. Westminster London Borough Council (1971) 1 QB 222, at p 230. See also Rootkin v. Kent County Council (1981) 1 WLR 1186; (1981) 2 All ER 227.’ Despite the fact that the judgements of Gummow J in Kurtovic and Mason CJ in Quin allows for the prospects of estoppel to develop in public law, the courts since have generally not departed from the traditional rule. Mason CJ’s views in Quin have been discussed in several

Schema Mapping free essay sample

The approaches which are used by P2P systems for defining and creating the mappings between peers’ schemas can be classified as follows: 1- Pairwise schema mapping, 2-mapping based on machine learning techniques, 3- common agreement mapping, - 4-schema mapping using information retrieval (IR) techniques. 1-Pairwise Schema Mapping: In this approach, each user defines the mapping between the local schema and the schema of any other peer that contains data that are of interest. Relying on the transitivity of the defined mappings, the system tries to extract mappings between schemas that have no defined mapping. Piazza follows this approach : An Example of Pairwise Schema Mapping in Piazza The data are shared as XML documents, and each peer has a schema that defines the terminology and the structural constraints of the peer. When a new peer (with a new schema) joins the system for the first time, it maps its schema to the schema of some other peers in the system. We will write a custom essay sample on Schema Mapping or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Each mapping definition begins with an XML template that matches some path or subtree of an instance of the target schema. Elements in the template may be annotated with query expressions that bind variables to XML nodes in the source. Active XML [Abiteboul et al. , 2002, 2008b] also relies on XML documents for data sharing. The main innovation is that XML documents are active in the sense that they can includeWeb service calls. Therefore, data and queries can be seamlessly integrated. another example that follows this approach: The Local Relational Model (LRM): LRM assumes that the peers hold relational databases, and each peer knows a set of peers with which it can exchange data and services. This set of peers is called peer’s acquaintances. Each peer must define semantic dependencies and translation rules between its data and the data shared by each of its acquaintances. The defined mappings form a semantic network, which is used for query reformulation in the P2P system. Piazza Querying Reformulation Example: Hyperion [Kementsietsidis et al. , 2003]: generalizes this approach to deal with autonomous peers that form acquaintances at run-time, using mapping tables to define value correspondences among heterogeneous databases. Peers perform local querying and update processing, and also propagate queries and updates to their acquainted peers. Table from Airline ‘A’ Table from Airline ‘B’ Mapping Tables PGrid [Aberer et al. , 2003b]: also assumes the existence of pairwise mappings between peers, initially constructed by skilled experts. Relying on the transitivity of these mappings and using a gossip algorithm, PGrid extracts new mappings that relate the schemas of the peers between which there is no predefined schema mapping. 2-Mapping based on Machine Learning Techniques: This approach is generally used when the shared data are defined based on ontologies and taxonomies as proposed for the semantic web. It uses machine learning techniques to automatically extract the mappings between the shared schemas. The extracted mappings are stored over the network, in order to be used for processing future queries. * GLUE [Doan et al. , 2003b] uses this approach as the following: Given two ontologies,for each concept in one, GLUE finds the most similar concept in the other. It gives well founded probabilistic definitions to several practical similarity measures, and uses multiple learning strategies, each of which exploits a different type of information either in the data instances or in the taxonomic structure of the ontologies. To further improve mapping accuracy, GLUE incorporates commonsense knowledge and domain constraints into the schema mapping process. * The basic idea is to provide classifiers for the concepts. To decide the similarity between two concepts A and B, the data of concept B are classified using A’s classifier and vice versa. * The amount of values that can be succ essfully classified into A and B represent the similarity between A and B. - 3- Common Agreement Mapping: In this approach, the peers that have a common interest agree on a common schema description for data sharing. The common schema is usually prepared and maintained by expert users. APPA [Akbarinia et al. , 2006a; Akbarinia and Martins, 2007] makes the assumption that peers wishing to cooperate. * e. g. , for the duration of an experiment, agree on a Common Schema Description (CSD). * Given a CSD, a peer schema can be specified using views. This is similar to the LAV approach in data integration systems, except that queries at a peer are expressed in terms of the local views, not the CSD. Another difference between this approach and LAV is that the CSD is not a global schema, i. e. , it is common to a limited set of peers with a common interest (see Figure). Common Agreement Schema Mapping in APPA * Thus, the CSD does not pose scalability challenges. When a peer decides to share data, it needs to map its local schema to the CSD. Example: * Given two CSD relation definitions r1 and r2, an example of peer mapping at peer p is: In this example, the relation r(A;B;D) that is shared by peer p is mapped to relations r1(A;B;C), r2(C;D;E) both of which are involved in the CSD. In APPA, the mappings between the CSD and each peer’s local schema are stored locally at the peer. Given a query Q on the local schema, the peer reformulates Q to a query on the CSD using locally stored mappings. AutoMed [McBrien and Poulovassilis, 2003]: is another system that relies on common agreements for schema mapping. It defines the mappings by using primitive bidirectional transformations defined in terms of a low-level data model. 4- Schema Mapping using IR Techniques: This approach extracts the schema mappings at query execution time using IR techniques by exploring the schema descriptions provided by users. PeerDB [Ooiet al. , 2003a] follows this approach for query processing in unstructured P2P networks. * For each relation that is shared by a peer, the description of the relation and its attributes is maintained at that peer. The descriptions are provided by users upon creation of relations, and serve as a kind of synonymous names of relation names and attributes. When a query is issued, a request to find out potential matches is produced and flooded to the peers that return the corresponding metadata. By matching keywords from the metadata of the relations, PeerDB is able to find relations that are potentially similar to the query relations. The relations that are found are presented to the issuer of the query who decides whether or not to proceed with the execution of the query at the remote peer that owns the relations. Edutella [Nejdl et al. , 2003] also follows this approach for schema mapping in super-peer networks. Resources in Edutella are described using the RDF metadata model, and the descriptions are stored at super-peers. When a user issues a query at a peer p, the query is sent to p’s super-peer where the stored schema descriptions are explored and the addresses of the relevant peers are returned to the user. If the super-peer does not find relevant peers, it sends the query to other super-peers such that they search relevant peers by exploring their stored schema descriptions. In order to explore stored schemas, super-peers use the RDF-QEL query language, which is based on Datalog semantics and thus compatible with all existing query languages, supporting query functionalities that extend the usual relational query languages.

My Suitability as an Entrepreneur

In starting a business, one must identify a business opportunity and be willing to take the risks of venturing in the business. He/she mobilizes and manages resources thus creating an organization to enable him/her exploit the opportunity in an innovative manner. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on My Suitability as an Entrepreneur specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brandstatter posits that, entrepreneurship gives one the ability to enjoy financial rewards/profits, independence and job security (160). Every entrepreneur must be able to identify his/her strengths and weaknesses in assessing his/her suitability in venturing in a given business and should come up with a way of dealing with the weaknesses. The assessment of my suitability as an entrepreneur I have several strengths as far as entrepreneurship is concerned. I am an opportunity oriented individual, meaning that I have the ability to identify a viable busines s opportunity. The identification a business opportunity is important since it acts as a guide to the other important aspects in the development of a business. The other aspects include resources, structures, and the strategy of running the business. In addition, I am an innovative person; I can easily modify ideas in exploiting a given business opportunity. I have the confidence and passion of extending basic ideas or even combining information from many sources and integrate all that into new and useful products or services in meeting the demands of my target group. I am also a charismatic person; I have the capability of instilling optimism in other people and this attribute is instrumental in inspiring the different participants in a business setting such as employees, customers, suppliers, and the entire society within which my business is operating. My hardworking nature is essential in the success of any business venture. I believe that the success of my business depends majorly on my own efforts. Finally, I am self reliant thus able to recognize the challenges involved in starting a given business venture and pull my efforts together to overcome them. However, I have a few weaknesses that I need to work on.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As it is the nature of human beings, I have some weaknesses that I cannot overlook in evaluating my suitability as an entrepreneur. I sometimes tend to be impatient. Impatience may drive me to come up with new business ideas without giving full attention in exploiting the existing ones, which could be much better than the new ones. I need to embrace patience and faith in the existing ideas, as this aspect is fundamental in giving much more time to evaluate a given idea before seeking to implement another. In addition, self-confidence is another trait that may negatively affect my business. I rarely consu lt people in various matters because I always tend to feel that I am the most appropriate besides having the best ideas. Nevertheless, it is important to seek professional advice from successful businesspersons, which could be instrumental in enriching my understanding of the business sector. Procrastination is the other weakness that may hurt my chances of starting a business. In most cases, I procrastinate because of considering myself inadequate in a given field. Therefore, I take unnecessarily long time before commencing activities and this could negatively influence my business aspirations. In dealing with procrastination, I need to learn the art of believing in my abilities more than my inadequacies. Conclusion Evaluation of one’s strengths and weaknesses is essential in determining his/her success in business. Following the above discussion, it is evident that my strengths outweigh my weaknesses. However, to exploit my full business potential, I need to work on my we aknesses. As a result, I will be more patient besides getting more business prowess due to the advice from successful businesspersons. Works Cited Brandstatter, Hermann. â€Å"Becoming an entrepreneur – a question of personalityAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on My Suitability as an Entrepreneur specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Structure.† Journal of Economic Psychology 18.2 (1997): 157-177. This essay on My Suitability as an Entrepreneur was written and submitted by user Oscar Hayes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.